{"id":483,"date":"2023-01-10T23:23:15","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T23:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/?p=483"},"modified":"2023-03-21T22:20:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T22:20:46","slug":"10-14-plant-waxes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/10-the-alchemist-resource\/10-14-plant-waxes\/","title":{"rendered":"10.14 Plant Waxes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Plant waxes are the protective cover between the plant cells and their environment, by which they regulate their water loss, and protect themselves from the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When we speak of plant waxes, it is usually as if it were a single compound, but a deeper look reveals that it is a mixture of simple Alkanes, Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Fatty Acids, ranging from 20 carbon chains, to about 34. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To put them into perspective, the well known Carnauba (C30 H62 O)  and Candelilla (C31 H64 O) plant waxes are C-30 and C-31 molecules respectively.  About the same consistency as bees wax, and denser than (C16 H34 O) ear wax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WAXES<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Wax<\/strong><\/td>Alcohol<\/strong><\/td>Fatty Acid<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Carnauba<\/td>CH3<\/sub>(CH2<\/sub>)28<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>-OH<\/td>CH3<\/sub>(CH2<\/sub>)24<\/sub>COOH<\/td><\/tr>
Beeswax<\/td>CH3<\/sub>(CH2<\/sub>)28<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>-OH<\/td>CH3<\/sub>(CH2<\/sub>)14<\/sub>COOH<\/td><\/tr>
Spermacetic (ear wax)<\/td>CH3<\/sub>(CH2<\/sub>)14<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>-OH<\/td>CH3<\/sub>(CH2<\/sub>)14<\/sub>COOH<\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I’ve not found an analysis of cannabis plant waxes, but looking at plant waxes in general, here is a breakdown of what is in the waxes from the leaves of the xxxx plant, giving perspective as to the mixture:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

% of Fraction in Plant Waxes from:<\/strong>http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2000.00581.x\/full<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Carbon<\/strong><\/td>Alkanes<\/strong><\/td>Alcohols<\/strong><\/td>Aldehydes<\/strong><\/td>Fatty Acids<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
20<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
21<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>tr<\/td><\/tr>
22<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>tr<\/td>–<\/td>2<\/td><\/tr>
23<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>tr<\/td>–<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
24<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>1<\/td>2<\/td>7<\/td><\/tr>
25<\/strong><\/td>tr<\/td>tr<\/td>–<\/td>2<\/td><\/tr>
26<\/strong><\/td>Tr<\/td>3<\/td>3<\/td>5<\/td><\/tr>
27<\/strong><\/td>5<\/td>1<\/td>4<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
28<\/strong><\/td>3<\/td>13<\/td>24<\/td>19<\/td><\/tr>
29<\/strong><\/td>47<\/td>4<\/td>8<\/td>8<\/td><\/tr>
30<\/strong><\/td>4<\/td>33<\/td>31<\/td>31<\/td><\/tr>
31<\/strong><\/td>38<\/td>4<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td><\/tr>
32<\/strong><\/td>2<\/td>28<\/td>28<\/td>21<\/td><\/tr>
33<\/strong><\/td>2<\/td>3<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td><\/tr>
34<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>7<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td><\/tr>
Total<\/strong><\/td>72<\/strong><\/td>9<\/strong><\/td>1<\/strong><\/td>2<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Tr = Traces less than 0.5% undetectable<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Notice that it is no longer an issue of non polar plant waxes, as only the Alkane molecules are non polar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Molecular weights also become an issue, when you are talking about processes like SCFE CO2, where molecular weights above about 400 g\/mol are mostly insoluble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looking at C-30 Carnauba wax for instance as  CH3(CH2)28CH2OH or simplified as  C30H62O, it has a molecular weight of about  438.8127 g\/mol.  http:\/\/www.webqc.org\/molecular-weight-of-CH3%28CH2%2928CH2OH.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symbol<\/strong><\/td>Element<\/strong><\/td>Atomic Wt<\/strong><\/td>Atoms<\/strong><\/td>Total<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
C<\/td>Carbon<\/td>12.0107<\/td>30<\/td>360.321<\/td><\/tr>
H<\/td>Hydrogen<\/td>1.00794<\/td>62<\/td>62.49228<\/td><\/tr>
O<\/td>Oxygen<\/td>15.9994<\/td>1<\/td>15.9994<\/td><\/tr>
Molecular Weight<\/strong><\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td>438.81268 g\/mol<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

That suggests of course that those molecules smaller than about C-27 will have a molecular weight below 400 g\/mol, so are readily extracted by SCFE CO2 as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are some interesting reads on plant waxes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biology of the plant cuticle:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qaJVSVYZhVQC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=cannabis+plant+wax+chemical+properties&source=bl&ots=UUTo76r1TW&sig=HHQ6RLAXHETfeB5SIHLx8Wnh4b4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbv5uOk7nXAhVDylQKHcBTCLEQ6AEIcjAO#v=onepage&q=cannabis%20plant%20wax%20chemical%20properties&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leaf cuticular waxes are arranged in chemically and mechanically distinct layers: evidence from Prunus laurocerasus<\/em> L.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2000.00581.x\/full<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plant waxes are the protective cover between the plant cells and their environment, by which they regulate their water loss, and protect themselves from the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-the-alchemist-resource"],"yoast_head":"\n10.14 Plant Waxes - GrayWolf's Lair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/10-the-alchemist-resource\/10-14-plant-waxes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10.14 Plant Waxes - GrayWolf's Lair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Plant waxes are the protective cover between the plant cells and their environment, by which they regulate their water loss, and protect themselves from the […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/10-the-alchemist-resource\/10-14-plant-waxes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GrayWolf's Lair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/james.ellis.9081\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-10T23:23:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-21T22:20:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"GrayWolf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GrayWolf\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/graywolfslair.com\\\/index.php\\\/10-the-alchemist-resource\\\/10-14-plant-waxes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/graywolfslair.com\\\/index.php\\\/10-the-alchemist-resource\\\/10-14-plant-waxes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"GrayWolf\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/graywolfslair.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/40d6da885f58d0e767e114277e1c7d1c\"},\"headline\":\"10.14 Plant Waxes\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-10T23:23:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-21T22:20:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/graywolfslair.com\\\/index.php\\\/10-the-alchemist-resource\\\/10-14-plant-waxes\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":469,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/graywolfslair.com\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"10. 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When we speak of plant waxes, it is usually as if it were a single compound, but a deeper look reveals that it is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "8. Essential Oil Safety"","block_context":{"text":"8. Essential Oil Safety","link":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/category\/8-essential-oil-safety\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":434,"url":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/10-the-alchemist-resource\/10-2-winterizing\/","url_meta":{"origin":483,"position":1},"title":"10.2 Winterizing","author":"GrayWolf","date":"January 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Winterizing is the term for redissolving a non polar extraction in a polar solvent and then lowering the temperature low and long enough for the non polar plant waxes to precipitate out of solution, so they can be removed by filtration, to turn a raw oleoresin extract into an\u00a0Absolute. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "10. The Alchemist Resource"","block_context":{"text":"10. The Alchemist Resource","link":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/category\/10-the-alchemist-resource\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/graywolfslair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Vacuum-filtration-jpg.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/graywolfslair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Vacuum-filtration-jpg.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/graywolfslair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Vacuum-filtration-jpg.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":281,"url":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/9-diy-cannamed-production\/9-4-extraction\/9-4-7-ethanol-extraction\/9-4-7-4-alcohol-extraction-overview\/","url_meta":{"origin":483,"position":2},"title":"9.4.7.4 Alcohol Extraction Overview","author":"GrayWolf","date":"January 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Ethanol is one of the oldest solvents used to extract cannabis concentrates and due to its heavily taxed cost and hit and miss availability around at least the US, Isopropanol has gained popularity. Ethanol and Isopropanol moledules FDA classifies both solvents as Class III, but also classifies Ethanol as GRAS,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9.4.7 Ethanol extraction"","block_context":{"text":"9.4.7 Ethanol extraction","link":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/category\/9-diy-cannamed-production\/9-4-extraction\/9-4-7-ethanol-extraction\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/graywolfslair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Wax.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/graywolfslair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Wax.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/graywolfslair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Wax.gif?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":570,"url":"https:\/\/graywolfslair.com\/index.php\/15-diy-equipment\/15-23-mk-viii-inline-dewaxing\/","url_meta":{"origin":483,"position":3},"title":"15.23 Mk VIII Inline Dewaxing","author":"GrayWolf","date":"January 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"There are a couple divergent lines of thinking with regard to BHO extraction.\u00a0 In Plan A, we chill the LPG low enough to minimize plant wax extraction and in Plan B we don\u2019t, or minimally chill the LPG and simply remove the extracted plant waxes by chilling the LPG extraction\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "15. DIY Equipment"","block_context":{"text":"15. 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